Babylon to Rome Timeline
Empire Years Major Events |
Assyria 612   Nineveh falls, effective end of Assyria. Babylon Empire world power. |
Egypt 609   Judah attacks Egypt as it passes by to battle with Assyria and loses. Judah falls. |
Babylon 605   Battle of Carchemish, Egypt falls, Daniel deported (Dn. 1:1). Nebuchadrezzar II king. |
597   Nebuchadrezzar takes Jerusalem; many Jews exiled including Ezekiel; city subjugated but not destroyed. |
587   Jerusalem falls and is burned to the ground. Many Jews deported. A few including Jeremiah go to Egypt. |
581   Final Jewish captivity. Many flee to Egypt taking Jeremiah with them. |
562-560 Amel-Marduk King of Babylon. (Evil-Merodach 2 Ki. 25:27-30) |
560-556 Neriglissar, son-in-law of Nebuchadrezzar. |
556   Labashi-Marduk. |
556-539 Nabonidus (Belshazzar acting in Babylon). |
539   Fall of Babylon. Daniel prays and received vision of seventy weeks. (Dn. 9) |
Persia 539-530 Cyrus: the Achaemenid dynasty. Daniel's vision of a great war (537, Dn 10:1) |
530-522 Cambyses. |
522-486 Darius I. Temple dedicated third day of Adar in 515 (12 March). |
486-465/4 Xerxes I (Ahasuerus). Esther Queen for a short time. |
464-423 Artaxerxes I. Second (458) and Third (444) Return to Jerusalem. |
423-404 Darius II. |
404-359 Artaxerxes II. |
359/58-338/37 Artaxerxes III. |
338/37-336/35 Arses. |
336/35-331 Darius III. |
Greece 334-331 Conquests of Alexander of Macedon (331-323). |
323 Alexander dies, empire divided into four of which Egypt and Syrian are predominant. |
Egypt 323-285 Ptolemy I. |
285-245 Ptolemy II. |
247-221 Ptolemy III. |
221-203 Ptolemy IV. |
203-181 Ptolemy V. The battle of Panium in 198. Syria (Selecid) took over Palestine from Egypt (Ptolemaic). |
Syria 312-281 Seleucus I. |
281-260 Antiochus I. |
260-246 Antiochus II. |
245-223 Seleucus II and III. |
222-187 Antiochus III 'the Great'. The battle of Panium in 198. Syria (Selecid) took over Palestine from Egypt (Ptolemaic). |
187-175 Seleucus IV. To pay the Romans, he sent his minister Heliodorus to Jerusalem to seize the Jewish temple treasury. |
175-164 Antiochus IV 'Epiphanes'. High priest Simon II died in 175 with brief civil war following. |
168   Antiochus expelled from Egypt by Roman consul (Dn. 11:30). |
167   (Dec. 25) erection of Greek altar in the Jerusalem temple. |
Jewish 166-63 Maccabean revolt for independence lead by Hasmonean family. |
166-160 Judas the Maccabee (the Hammer) defeated the Seleucid army. |
160-143 Jonathan, Judas' son is high priest. |
142 Tower of Jerusalem is constructed and cleansed. |
142-134 Simeon, Jonathan's brother is high priest. Established Hasmonean dynasty. |
134-104 John Hyrcanus, Judas & Jonathan's nephew rules & enlarges the independent Jewish state. |
103 Aristobulus, John's son rules as self proclaimed king even though not of David's line. |
102-76 Alexander Jannaeus, John's son rules and married his brother's widow, Salome. |
75-67 Salome Alexandra rules with son, Hyrcanus II high priest who reestablished the Sanhedrin. |
66-63 Battle between Aristobulus II and Hyrcanus II, Simeon's great-grandsons, Roman pawns. |
Roman 63   Judea, the partially-Hellenized territory comes under Roman imperial rule. |
63-40 Hyrcanus II high priest and ruler under Rome. Pharisee supporter unlike Alexander. |
40-37 Parthians conquer Jerusalem installing a local Jewish king and high priest, Antigonus. |
37 Jerusalem seized for six months. Herod recaptures Palestine with Roman support. |
32 Herod begins a war against Nabatea with victory one year later. |
31 Octavian (Augustus) defeats Mark Antony. Herod switches allegiance. |
19 Herod's temple rebuilding project begins. |
16 Herod visits Agrippa. |
10 The newly expanded temple was inaugurated. War against the Nabateans began. |
6 Jesus born. Herod tries to kill him sometime between now and his death. |
4 Herod dies. His territory is divided into three areas; Archelaus succeeds Judea. |