The Ten Commandments
Comments for Study 5
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I. I Am The Lord Your God (1-6)
* The Engraving is from The Art Bible, Comprising the Old and New Testaments with Illustrations, George Newnes, Limited, London, South Hampton Street, Strand ,1896. Deuteronomy 5:48 is the cited passage.
>1. Why did Moses summon all Israel? (1a)
* Deuteronomy 5:1a "Moses summoned all Israel and said: Hear, O Israel, the decrees and laws I declare in your hearing today."
* This is the beginning of Moses' second sermon to Israel.
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>What are the people of Israel to do about the decrees and laws? (1b)
* Deuteronomy 5:1b "Learn them and be sure to follow them."
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>2. Where did the Lord God make the covenant with Israel? (2)
* Deuteronomy 5:2 "The LORD our God made a covenant with us at Horeb."
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>With whom did God make the covenant? (3)
* Deuteronomy 5:3 "It was not with our fathers that the LORD made this covenant, but with us, with all of us who are alive here today."
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>How did God speak to them and to God's servant Moses? (4)
* Deuteronomy 5:4 "The LORD spoke to you face to face out of the fire on the mountain."
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>3. Who is the LORD God? (6; Is. 54:5)
* Deuteronomy 5:5-6 "(At that time I stood between the LORD and you to declare to you the word of the LORD, because you were afraid of the fire and did not go up the mountain.) And he said:
6 "I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery."
* Isaiah 54:5 "For your Maker is your husband-- the LORD Almighty is his name-- the Holy One of Israel is your Redeemer; he is called the God of all the earth."
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>What did God do for the people of Israel?
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II. Laws Concerning the Lord (7-15)
>4. What is the first commandment? (7; Hosea 13:4
* Deuteronomy 5:7 "You shall have no other gods before me."
* Hosea 13:4 "But I am the LORD your God, [who brought you] out of Egypt. You shall acknowledge no God but me, no Savior except me."
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>What would be other gods? (Gen. 3:5; and 1 John 2:16)
* Genesis 3:5 "For God knows that when you eat of it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil."
* 1 John 2:16 "For everything in the world--the cravings of sinful man, the lust of his eyes and the boasting of what he has and does--comes not from the Father but from the world."
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>5. What is the second commandment? (8)
* Deuteronomy 5:8 "You shall not make for yourself an idol in the form of anything in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the waters below."
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>How is God's severity and kindness displayed in the second command? (9-10; Rom. 11:22)
* Deuteronomy 5:9-10 "You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I, the LORD your God, am a jealous God, punishing the children for the sin of the fathers to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me,
10 but showing love to a thousand [generations] of those who love me and keep my commandments."
* Romans 11:22 "Consider therefore the kindness and sternness of God: sternness to those who fell, but kindness to you, provided that you continue in his kindness. Otherwise, you also will be cut off."
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>Think about how God dealt with Israel's violation of this commandment in Exodus 32:1-35.
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>6. What is the third commandment? (11; Job 1:5; 2:9; Lev. 19:2)
* Deuteronomy 5:11 "You shall not misuse the name of the LORD your God, for the LORD will not hold anyone guiltless who misuses his name."
* Job 1:5 "When a period of feasting had run its course, Job would send and have them purified. Early in the morning he would sacrifice a burnt offering for each of them, thinking, "Perhaps my children have sinned and cursed God in their hearts." This was Job's regular custom."
* Leviticus 19:2 "Speak to the entire assembly of Israel and say to them: 'Be holy because I, the LORD your God, am holy."
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III. Laws Concerning Each Other (16-21)
>7. What is the fourth commandment? (12-15)
* Deuteronomy 5:12-15 "Observe the Sabbath day by keeping it holy, as the LORD your God has commanded you.
13 Six days you shall labor and do all your work,
14 but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the LORD your God. On it you shall not do any work, neither you, nor your son or daughter, nor your manservant or maidservant, nor your ox, your donkey or any of your animals, nor the alien within your gates, so that your manservant and maidservant may rest, as you do.
15 Remember that you were slaves in Egypt and that the LORD your God brought you out of there with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm. Therefore the LORD your God has commanded you to observe the Sabbath day."
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>Why do you think this commandment is emphasized so much?
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>What is the proper way of keeping the Sabbath? (Lk. 4:16; 13:10-17; 14:1-6)
* Luke 4:16 "He went to Nazareth, where he had been brought up, and on the Sabbath day he went into the synagogue, as was his custom. And he stood up to read."
* Luke 13:10-17 "On a Sabbath Jesus was teaching in one of the synagogues,
11 and a woman was there who had been crippled by a spirit for eighteen years. She was bent over and could not straighten up at all.
12 When Jesus saw her, he called her forward and said to her, "Woman, you are set free from your infirmity."
13 Then he put his hands on her, and immediately she straightened up and praised God.
14 Indignant because Jesus had healed on the Sabbath, the synagogue ruler said to the people, "There are six days for work. So come and be healed on those days, not on the Sabbath."
15 The Lord answered him, "You hypocrites! Doesn't each of you on the Sabbath untie his ox or donkey from the stall and lead it out to give it water?
16 Then should not this woman, a daughter of Abraham, whom Satan has kept bound for eighteen long years, be set free on the Sabbath day from what bound her?"
17 When he said this, all his opponents were humiliated, but the people were delighted with all the wonderful things he was doing."
* Luke 14:1-6 "One Sabbath, when Jesus went to eat in the house of a prominent Pharisee, he was being carefully watched.
2 There in front of him was a man suffering from dropsy.
3 Jesus asked the Pharisees and experts in the law, "Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath or not?"
4 But they remained silent. So taking hold of the man, he healed him and sent him away.
5 Then he asked them, "If one of you has a son or an ox that falls into a well on the Sabbath day, will you not immediately pull him out?"
6 And they had nothing to say."
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>8. What is the fifth commandment? (16)
* Deuteronomy 5:16 "Honor your father and your mother, as the LORD your God has commanded you, so that you may live long and that it may go well with you in the land the LORD your God is giving you."
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>What is its importance? (Eph. 6:1-3)
* Ephesians 6:1-3 "Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right.
2 "Honor your father and mother"--which is the first commandment with a promise--
3 "that it may go well with you and that you may enjoy long life on the earth."
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>9. What is the sixth commandment? (17; Gen. 1:27; 9:6)
* Deuteronomy 5:17 "You shall not murder."
* Genesis 1:27 "So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them."
* Genesis 9:6 "Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed; for in the image of God has God made man."
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>What is the seventh commandment? (18; Heb. 13:4)
* Deuteronomy 5:18 "You shall not commit adultery."
* Hebrews 13:4 "Marriage should be honored by all, and the marriage bed kept pure, for God will judge the adulterer and all the sexually immoral."
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>What is the eighth commandment? (19; Dt. 25:13-15)
* Deuteronomy 5:19 "You shall not steal."
* Deuteronomy 25:13-15 "Do not have two differing weights in your bag--one heavy, one light.
14 Do not have two differing measures in your house--one large, one small.
15 You must have accurate and honest weights and measures, so that you may live long in the land the LORD your God is giving you."
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>10. What is the ninth commandment? (20; John 8:44; Acts 5:1-11)
* Deuteronomy 5:20 "You shall not give false testimony against your neighbor."
* John 8:44 "You belong to your father, the devil, and you want to carry out your father's desire. He was a murderer from the beginning, not holding to the truth, for there is no truth in him. When he lies, he speaks his native language, for he is a liar and the father of lies."
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>What is the tenth commandment? (21)
* Deuteronomy 5:21 "You shall not covet your neighbor's wife. You shall not set your desire on your neighbor's house or land, his manservant or maidservant, his ox or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor." "
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IV. The Glory of His Majesty (22-33)
>11. How did the Lord speak to the people as he gave the laws? (22-27)
* Deuteronomy 5:22-27 "These are the commandments the LORD proclaimed in a loud voice to your whole assembly there on the mountain from out of the fire, the cloud and the deep darkness; and he added nothing more. Then he wrote them on two stone tablets and gave them to me.
23 When you heard the voice out of the darkness, while the mountain was ablaze with fire, all the leading men of your tribes and your elders came to me.
24 And you said, "The LORD our God has shown us his glory and his majesty, and we have heard his voice from the fire. Today we have seen that a man can live even if God speaks with him.
25 But now, why should we die? This great fire will consume us, and we will die if we hear the voice of the LORD our God any longer.
26 For what mortal man has ever heard the voice of the living God speaking out of fire, as we have, and survived?
27 Go near and listen to all that the LORD our God says. Then tell us whatever the LORD our God tells you. We will listen and obey."
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>Why did he appear to them this way? (28-33)
* Deuteronomy 5:28-33 "The LORD heard you when you spoke to me and the LORD said to me, "I have heard what this people said to you. Everything they said was good.
29 Oh, that their hearts would be inclined to fear me and keep all my commands always, so that it might go well with them and their children forever!
30 "Go, tell them to return to their tents.
31 But you stay here with me so that I may give you all the commands, decrees and laws you are to teach them to follow in the land I am giving them to possess."
32 So be careful to do what the LORD your God has commanded you; do not turn aside to the right or to the left.
33 Walk in all the way that the LORD your God has commanded you, so that you may live and prosper and prolong your days in the land that you will possess."
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>12. In light of the Ten Commandments, what kind of people does God want his people to be? (Ex. 19:5-6)
* Exodus 19:5-6 "Now if you obey me fully and keep my covenant, then out of all nations you will be my treasured possession. Although the whole earth is mine,
6 you will be for me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.' These are the words you are to speak to the Israelites."
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>To whom do the Ten Commandments lead God's people? (Gal 3:10-14)
* Galatians 3:3 "Are you so foolish? After beginning with the Spirit, are you now trying to attain your goal by human effort?"
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